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Karyotype:

The chromosomes which makeup an individual. This term is also used for the photograph of chromosomes of an individual which are arranged in a standard format by size. The photograph can be used to determine alterations in number, size and shape of each chromosome for the diagnosis of specific diseases.

Kilobase (kb):

A unit of measure of DNA or RNA sequence 1000 nucleotides in length.

Kindred:

An entire family (extended).